What does proxemics refer to?

Proxemics refers specifically to the study of personal space and the physical distance individuals maintain from one another during interactions. This concept is crucial in understanding social dynamics, as different cultures have varying norms regarding personal space. The distance people choose to keep can convey different meanings, such as intimacy, aggression, or formality.

While paralinguistics involves aspects of voice and tone beyond words, facial expressions serve as indicators of emotions, and nonverbal cues encompass a broader range of unspoken communication, none of these directly define proxemics. The core focus on distance between individuals highlights its role in interpersonal relationships and communication, which is why this aspect is the correct answer.